India
Why UPI Should Remain Free Forever: The Case for Zero MDR
In a ₹50 lakh crore budget, absorbing the ₹10,00 crore cost of UPI is not an expenditure, it is the highest-yielding fiscal investment India can make.
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India
Why the Government Ended ‘Free-Forever’ UPI: The Economics and Politics of Merchant Discount Rates
As monthly transaction volumes surge past 2,300 crore, India confronts the fundamental reality of Digital Public Infrastructure: public utility does not equal zero operating cost.